Contrast Connectors: Despite, In Spite Of, Although, Though
B1-B2 Level
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The most common mistake is mixing the two grammar patterns — writing "despite there was traffic" (wrong) instead of "despite the traffic" or "although there was traffic." Remember: despite and in spite of are prepositions, so they need a noun or gerund. Although and though are conjunctions, so they need a clause. When you can use either type, the preposition forms (despite/in spite of) often sound more concise and formal. Practising both forms helps you write more flexibly, which is a valuable skill for Cambridge Preliminary and First examinations.
Quick Rule
despite / in spite of + noun / -ing | although / though + clause
- 1.Despite being exhausted, she finished the marathon in under four hours. (preposition + gerund)
- 2.Although he had a map, he still got lost in the city centre. (conjunction + clause)
- 3.We enjoyed the holiday in spite of the terrible weather. (preposition + noun)
- 4.I didn't complain, though the service was very slow. (conjunction + clause — informal)
- 5.In spite of not speaking the language, she made friends quickly. (preposition + negative gerund)
All 20 questions
Complete the sentences with the correct contrast connector. Pay attention to: (1) what follows - noun/gerund or clause, (2) whether 'of' appears after the blank, (3) position in the sentence.
_____ the heavy rain, we continued our walk.
_____ of the bad weather, the event was a success.
_____ it was raining, we went for a walk.
The food was cold. It was delicious, _____.
_____ being tired, she finished the project.
_____ of having no experience, he got the job.
_____ she was nervous, she gave an excellent presentation.
The hotel was expensive. It was worth it, _____.
_____ his wealth, he lives a simple life.
_____ of the difficulties, they succeeded.
_____ the train was late, I arrived on time.
The exam was hard. I passed, _____.
_____ working long hours, she always finds time for her family.
_____ of the noise, I managed to sleep.
_____ he studied hard, he didn't pass the exam.
I don't agree with him. He makes a good point, _____.
_____ the high cost, the product is very popular.
_____ of her lack of experience, she performed brilliantly.
_____ the weather was terrible, we had a great time.
The film got bad reviews. I enjoyed it, _____.
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